Thus have I heard: Once the blessed one was sojourning near Benares (Varanasi),
at Isipatana (Sarnath)
, in the deer-park.
The blessed one addressed the company of five bikkhus.
"Bikkhus, these are the two extremes that should not be followed by one who has gone out from home to the homeless life. What two?
The giving up of the pleasures of sense...and the giving up to self mortification...O Bikkhus, by avoiding these two extremes the Tathagata (this is the way the Buddha referred to himself and its a whole discourse in and of itself, for now I'll just give its literal meaning: "thus-gone")
has found out that middle path which gives vision, which gives knowledge, which tends to peace, higher wisdom and Nibbana.
And what, O Bikkhus, is that middle path which is found out by the Tathagata...? It is this very eightfold noble path, namely: right (also: total, complete, true
) view, right aspiration (also: intention, thought)
, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right meditative concentration. This, O Bikkhus, is that middle path...
Now this, O Bikkhus, is the noble truth of suffering...
of the origin of suffering...
of the cessation of suffering...
of the path leading to the cessation of suffering
When, O Bikkhus, my knowledge and insight of the Four Noble Truths...in their essential nature was quite clear to me, then only...did I profess in this world...that I had gained the incomparable supreme enlightenment; and there arose in me knowledge and insight; 'Sure is my heart's release. This is my last birth. There is no more becoming for me.'"
- section of the
Dhamma-Cakka-Pavattana Sutta (Discourse of the Turning of the Wheel of Dhamma)
(Please forgive some of the grammatical shortcommings with the translation. I'm working with a poor paper-back version I bought in one of the vihars here and trying to compensate for some bad translation with bits I know from my studies and to clarify without going into too much detail.)
And so begins the pilgrimage. I mean, to draw a line and say "this is where it begins" is silly, but along with Lumbini, where the Buddha was born, Bodh Gaya, where he realized
nibbana (skt. nirvana), and Kusinagar, where he died and entered into
parinibbana, the Sarnath deer park, where he delivered his first teaching (referred to as the
Dhammacakkapavatana or "The Turning of the Wheel of Dhamma") after becomming
Sambuddha ("fully/completely awakened") is one of the four major pilgrimage sites for practitioners of the Dhamma. I am glad to have met all of my recent travel companions, but part of me is happy to be back on my own, saying no more than a hundred words a day, paying closer attention to my steps and my breath...being on a schedule that doesn't have to cater to quite so many people.
I had planned to be in Sarnath for only a few days, but as is often the case while travelling, my plans were changed when the bank cancelled my card and I had to wait here until it arrived. I don't mind as it has given me a chance to get to know this small suburb of Varanasi very well (and to frequent all two of its restaurants since I don't want to press my luck, or stomach, by eating from the street vendors too often). I spent my first night in a Tibetan Nyingma (the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism) monastery for young monks (thought I didn't know that at the time...they were all between about 4 and 9, very cute and very loud at 4 am) as it was the first monastery I saw. From the second night onward I have been living under the roof of the Mahabodhi Society Pilgrim Rest House across from the deer park, since they very generously offered me a room until I leave.
I have spent a good chunk of almost every day here in the deer park (and paid its entrance fee every one of those days). I have done many circumambulations of mindful walking around
Dhammekh Stupa and the ruins of the
Dharmarajika Stupa (one of these stupas marks the spot of the first discourse [above] and the other, the second [
Anattalakana Sutta - Teaching on the Characteristic of "No-Self"] and done quite a bit of sitting meditation around the ruins of the old monasteries and beside the Dhammekh Stupa. Everyday hundreds of pilgrims visit the stupas and do morning chanting and leave incense and lotus flowers and candles...and I watch the same little Indian kids work their same tricks day after day, trying to get someone to buy a five rupee statue for a hundred, trying to sell the lotus one pilgrim just placed on the stupa to another...they recognize me by now and leave me alone...after all I am the only "white" pilgrim I've seen here so far...and the only person who seems to be doing (silent) sitting meditation. I saw a couple that looked Japanese-American doing mindful walking once, but thats it. I am aware of the stats that something like 90%of those considered "Buddhist" in the world don't do the main practice of Buddhism, insight meditation, but I was still a little surprised to see that the only practices around these parts seems to be chanting, prostrating, making offerings, etc. It definitely looks like a religion here, which would frustrate me if I weren't so happy just to be here...and since my practice, and progress therein, depend on my effort and equinimity, that is where I have chosen to place most of my energy and focus. I still feel a very strong connection to the place and many of the people and events here. I am actually getting slightly overwhelmed trying to figure out how to organize this entry...what to talk about and what to leave out. You would think that sitting quietly, watching my breath, body sensation and thought patterns for half the day, combined with being in a town that consists of a few streets, would make for a relatively simple entry...but a lot has happened in the past week.
I spend quite a bit of time at the Tibetan University about 2k away from the park to use the internet and read and as a quiet haven away from the vendors and tourists. I found a nice spot between a short group of bamboo stalks and a pond to spend some time in the past few days. I have visited the archaelogical museum and every temple in town now I think...Thai, Japanese, Chinese, Burmese, Sri Lankan, Tibetan (Nyingma and Geluk...maybe I missed the Sakya and I don't think there's a Kagyu one in town)...pictures of which are gradually coming up on facebook. I listen to the Sri Lankans monks of the Mahabodhi Society chant the
Dhamma-Cakka-Pavattana Sutta every night either from my room, since its across the street (everything is across the street here) or I go and do sitting meditation in the back for an hour while they send out their vibrations. They have an almost lifesize statue of the Buddha making the (
dhammacakkapavattana mudra)teaching gesture (very similar to the one in the archaelogical museum, thought in the museum it is simple stone and the one in the temple is, at least in color, gold) that looks like it may just open its eyes and start moving and teaching at any moment. This temple is also a reliquary so it draws many from all over the world (and that fact may contribute to the aliveness of the statue). Which is why it is a little odd that the day before yesterday I had the entire temple to myself (of course the monks were also there chanting, but I was the only audience for 95% of the recitation and chanting)...I'm not complaining, it was wonderful, it was just a little surprising. Adjacent the temple is a small courtyard in which there is a tasteful display of a larger than life size Buddha statue teaching the five ascetics. This grouping is surrounded by sets of marble slabs on which the
sutta is written in Cambodian, Thai, Vietnamese, Singalese, Mongolian (which may be the most beautiful written language I've ever seen), Burmese (which looks like pac-man and the mrs. had millions of crazy babies that smashed into each other and then they're smushiness was looked at by the Burmese and it was decided "ahhh, this shall be our written language), Tibetan, Nepalese Rananja (I think thats write?), Korean, English, and Pali in the Latin script...among others. I did a good amount of walking meditation in that courtyard as well.
My experience here has been emotionally charged in general and there are many little instances or events I could site but I'd rather be out there doing the travel and meditation thing than here on the computer so I will keep it to the events of one morning...but first a precursor to put it in context. As an external confirmation, symbol, gesture...whatever you want to call it, of the beginning of this pilgrimage, I had my head and face shaved soon after I arrived in Sarnath. (It is the first time I have had a clean shaven face in over seven years and, I believe, the first time I've had no hair on my head or face [save the eyebrows] since before I came out of the womb...Mom, back me up on this?). Regardless of personal history, my new appearance has lead to some interesting situations in a town filled with monks...especially since I have been wearing a piece of cloth I bought in Pushkar as a Lunghi (a long surong...I don't know how to spell that)...and that cloth, I realize now, is almost the same earth tone as the robes of the Thai Forest tradition (which might explain why I was subconsciously attracted to it in the first place). I never had the intention of tricking anyone into thinking that I was a monk thought I did shave my head and face for the same reasons that the Buddha instructed the Sangha to do it: to symbolically, and actually to some extent, reject heirarchies based on caste and sex, to shift away from an attachment to and identification with the physical body, to remove unnecessary boundaries, to recognize a new beginning, and to undercut the rigidity of our normal view of the separate and isolated individual (an no, despite much confusion on the subject, the Buddha did not teach us to throw ourselves into a giant pool of oneness where none of us have any significance...but we will have to revisit this topic another time). I mean, I like to sometimes think of myself as a "monk of the earth" (that term may or may not get more of an explanation later on) and let that inspire me to be a better person, to more rigorously observe the precepts and push myself a little more in meditation...it gives a sense of uprightness that is a source of energy. Regardless of my intentions, or lack thereof, it was clear that some people thought that I was in fact ordained.
I noticed a change in the way some interacted with me...people were kinder in general (though that is definitely not universally true), my "Namaste"'s were returned more regularly or even initiated by another party...I wasn't stared at any less and the number of people who wanted to take my photograph or have their photograph taken with me went from a once-in-a-while phenomenon to a daily one. Once, when I was sitting in the Sri Lankan Temple for the chant, I saw through my eyelids a bright flash and opened my eyes to see what it was. I saw a young Indian girl, maybe 12, holding her camera, she looked surprised and embarassed, like maybe she thought the flash was off and wasn't expecting to distrub the meditation. I smiled and she quickly scuttled off, eyes down cast. Another time I was approached next to the Dhammekh Stupa, immediately after standing up from sitting meditation, by a couple, who it seemed had been waiting for me to finish sitting so the guy could take a picture with me.
Anyways...this was all to get to the morning I visited the Burmese monastery. It was the last one I wanted to visit (and maybe the last one to visit in town period) and so I brought my meditation seat/sleeping bag thinking they might have a good spot to sit for a bit...I walked in and there stood a Burmese monk, accompanied by 50 or so Indian Buddhists (that's how he introduced them) who had just gotten up from morning puja/meditation and were about to go to the deer park. I was the tallest person by about 6 inches and everyone was looking up at me with big smiles. And the questions began. First a few from the monk and then another man took over for a bit. "From which country? You like India? How long you have been here? Which places have you visited? Where are you going?" Every answer followed by an Ooo of approval...I got the impression breifly that they thought I was something more or different than I was, but no one addressed me as anything or asked any questions that were beyond the norm when I meet someone new in India...and plus, the haircut and style were still fairly new and combined with the over-abundance of attention I was recieving, which made me a little nervous, I wasn't as mindful of my appearance. After a little more questioning, they then got in line to take pictures with me (if you happen to be surfing any Indian tourist sites and see my picture blasted all over the place let me know). Then, as they were gradually filing out to leave for the deer-park, next door, they, especially the women, came up and did little namaste hands and bowed to me, some of them taking my hands in theirs, all very genuine and kind...but I had no idea what to do and this was a severe contrast to the normal cold shoulder I get from most here, and so the intensity of affection seemed amplified by its own scarcity. I just smiled, bowed back and wished them well....and then when I thought I had recovered I walked out of the gate in the same direction.
In hindsight, I thought to myself how nice it is to see Indian Buddhists, seeing as the tradition has been all but dead in India for over 1500 years, and how kind they were...but also that I was glad that series of events was over with. And then, as I was approaching the gate, a monk, at least 20 years my senior, I believe Sri Lankan, but came up to me very gently and said, "Bhante, where are you from?" "Bhante" is the way one addresses a monk. Even remembering it now makes me feel a little emotionally off-balance. It hit me like a ton of bricks and I just kind of froze...I responded automatically, "America." He said "Oh," smiled and walked off, hands at his chest, before I snapped out of it. Instead of walking into the deer park, I went in the direction of the guest house. I was smiling almost the whole way back, but not a joyful smile, at least not for the most part...it was that smile one puts on when someone tells you something you don't know how to react to...I remember when I was 12 or so and my best friend's mother told me that someone in their family had died and my response was, "Are you kidding?" (that event still embarasses me today, though it is only me replaying it in my mind and I'm pretty sure that the other party involved has forgotten all about it)...it was that kind of smile. I walked back to my room and changed immediately. I was happy enough to let people think what they wanted as long as nothing was said...but when this monk who had given his life to the practice...and from what I recieved energetically from him, was a very kind and learned being, addressed me with that title of respect, I just felt guilty and stupid. I have since made peace with the event...and it was certainly a learning experience...though I haven't quite figured out all the lessons yet. I suspect there are many other reasons for my guilit than simply that I didn't say, "Oh, excuse me Bhante, I'm not a monk. Just on pilgrimage." But I am not ready to talk about those reasons right now...and I'm quite certain there are more beyond the ones that have presented themselves thus far...I will simply try to observe as they unfold before my mind.
After all that, I feel that I should say that my experience in Sarnath was overall very positive. It was a quiet celebration, rich in many ways. I have looked forward to this aspect of the trip, and to Sarnath specifically for a long time. It was the realization of much planning and daydreaming. I was given an opportunity to generate gratitude for all the factors that allowed me "to be in the here and the now" in the place where the Buddha taught his first enlightened discourse. Once I gave up the clinging to some preconceived notion as to how I was "supposed to be" sitting and what I was supposed to be feeling it became easier to forgive myself, which in turn allowed me to save time and energy, which I then used to achieve greater states of concentration and investigate in more depth. I spent much time contemplating the four noble truths and the eight fold path, and the nature of joy and emptiness and I am learning to see the events of my mind in terms of causes and effects rather than as isolated incidents. I mean, I've just scratched the surface...I still get frustrated constantly...but I am working ardently. And in time, I will realize that which I now seek.
Well...this entry has stretched on long enough I think...I'm apologize to and admire all those of you patient enough to read this through. I would like to also tell about some things I wrote in the museum in front of the statue of Agni (the Vedic personification of the sacrificial fire), about the time I got swarmed by 30+ beggars because I made the "mistake" ( I use that word loosely here) of giving some money out in plain sight to numerous children on my way to the university and then had to jump on a rickshaw to escape the madness...and other bits but its time to go. Maybe later.
May the clear light of wisdom, joy and compassion rain down in your minds like the monsoon. May we all find true happiness.
...and now for another haiku
Why sit quietly?
In the stillness and silence
Is where truth is heard